Umfanekiso ubonisa umntu ongagxothwangaumatshini wezitenaumgca wemveliso. Oku kulandelayo yinkcazo evela kwimiba efana nokwakhiwa kwezixhobo, inkqubo yokusebenza, kunye noncedo lwesicelo:

Ukuqulunqwa kweZixhobo

• Umatshini ongundoqo: Njengondoqo, wenza inkqubo ephambili yokucinezela imathiriyeli. Ukubumba kwayo kunokutshintshwa njengoko kufunekayo ukuvelisa iimveliso zezitena zenkcazo eyahlukeneyo kunye neemilo, njengezitena eziqhelekileyo, izitena ezingenanto, izitena zokukhusela i-slope, njl., ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokwakha. Isakhelo siqinile, siqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa okuzinzile kwamandla oxinzelelo kunye nokuqina okufanayo komzimba wezitena.

• Inkqubo yokudibanisa: Ilawula ngokuchanekileyo umlinganiselo wezinto eziphathekayo kwaye iqulethe umgqomo wokugcina, isixhobo sokutya, njl njl. Kwizinto ezibonakalayo ezifana nesamente, i-aggregates (efana nesanti kunye negrabile), kunye nothuthu lwempukane, ihanjiswa ngokuchanekileyo ngesixhobo sokutyisa ngokwendlela esele isetyenzisiwe ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo komzimba wezitena, ukuqina, njl njl.

• Inkqubo yokuxuba: Ixuba ngokupheleleyo imathiriyeli ekrwada eyahlukeneyo. Umatshini oyintloko oxutywayo uxhotyiswe ngamacangci afanelekileyo okuxuba kunye nesantya sokujikeleza ukudibanisa ngokulinganayo izinto eziphathekayo kwi-drum yokuxuba ukwenza umxube kunye neplastiki efanelekileyo, ukubeka isiseko sokwenza okulandelayo kunye nokuphepha iziphene ezisemgangathweni zezitena ezibangelwa ukuxuba okungafaniyo.

• Inkqubo yokuhambisa: Ukuxhomekeka kwizixhobo ezifana nabahambisi bebhanti, idibanisa iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo, ihambisa izinto ezixutywe kunye nezixubeneyo kumatshini oyintloko wokwenza, kwaye iphinde idlulisele izitena ezenziwe ngezitena kwindawo yokunyanga ngayo, iqinisekisa imveliso eqhubekayo kunye egudileyo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle.

• Izixhobo zokunyanga (ezingaboniswanga ngokupheleleyo emfanekisweni, ikhonkco eliphambili kumgca wemveliso): Ngokuqhelekileyo, kukho iindawo zokunyanga zendalo okanye iitoni zokunyanga umphunga. Unyango lwendalo luxhomekeke kwiqondo lobushushu kunye nokufuma ukuze uqina kancinci; ukunyanga umphunga kukhawulezisa ukukhula amandla izitena ezivaliweyo ngokulawula ubushushu, ukufuma, kunye nexesha, mfutshane umjikelo wemveliso, kwaye ifaneleke ngokukodwa ukuveliswa kwemveliso emikhulu kunye ne-tight-schedule.

Inkqubo yokusebenza

Okokuqala, inkqubo yokudibanisa ngokulinganayo ilungiselela izinto eziluhlaza ezifana nesamente, isanti kunye negrabile, kunye neentsalela zenkunkuma yezoshishino (ezifana ne-fly ash, slag), kwaye uzithumele kwinkqubo yokuxuba ukuxuba ngokupheleleyo ukwenza umxube ofanelekileyo; ke inkqubo yokuhambisa ithumela umxube kumatshini oyintloko, kwaye umatshini oyintloko usebenzisa iinkqubo ezifana ne-hydraulics kunye ne-vibration ukwenza i-high-pressure pressing okanye i-vibration forming, ukwenzela ukuba umxube wenze isitena esingenanto kwi-mold; emva koko, isitena esingenanto sithuthelwa kwindawo yokunyanga ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokuhambisa ukugqiba inkqubo yokuqina, kwaye ekugqibeleni ibe yisitena esingenamlilo esidibana nemigangatho yamandla kwaye singasetyenziswa.

Iingenelo zesicelo

• Ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye nogcino lwamandla: Akukho sintering efunekayo, ukunciphisa umthamo omkhulu wokusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye negesi ephumayo (efana nesulfure dioxide, uthuli) ukukhutshwa okubangelwa ukudutyulwa kwezitena zesiqhelo. Isenokusebenzisa ngempumelelo iintsalela zenkunkuma yemizi-mveliso ukuqonda ukusetyenziswa kobutyebi benkunkuma, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zophuhliso lwezakhiwo eziluhlaza.

• Iindleko ezilawulekayo: Iimathiriyeli ekrwada zibanzi, kunye nesanti yasekuhlaleni kunye negrabile, inkunkuma yamashishini ingasetyenziswa, ukunciphisa iindleko zokuthenga; inkqubo non-sintering mfutshane umjikelo imveliso, kunciphisa izixhobo ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye neendleko zabasebenzi, kwaye inzuzo ebalulekileyo kwezoqoqosho ekusebenzeni ixesha elide.

• Iimveliso ezahlukeneyo: Ngokutshintshela umngundo, izitena eziqhelekileyo, izitena ezivuzayo, izitena ezivuzayo, njl.njl. zinokuveliswa ngokuguquguqukayo, ukuziqhelanisa neemeko ezahlukeneyo ezifana nolwakhiwo lwamatye, ukwakhiwa kweendlela, kunye nokwakhiwa kwembonakalo yomhlaba, kunye nokuba nokuguquguquka okuluqilima kwimarike.

• Umgangatho ozinzileyo: Imveliso engoomatshini ilawula ngokuchanekileyo ukulungelelana kwemathiriyeli ekrwada, ukwenza uxinzelelo, kunye neemeko zokunyanga. Umzimba wezitena unamandla aphezulu kunye nokuchaneka komda, kwaye iipropati zayo eziguquguqukayo kunye noxinzelelo zingcono kunezinye izitena zendabuko ezidibeneyo, eziqinisekisa umgangatho weeprojekthi zokwakha.

Olu hlobo lomgca wokuvelisa oomatshini bezitena abangabaselweyo, kunye neempawu ezifana nokukhuselwa kwendalo, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokuguquguquka kwimveliso yezinto zokwakha zanamhlanje, ngokuthe ngcembe ibe sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokuphucula kunye nokuguqulwa kweshishini lokwenza izitena, linceda ukuqonda ukusetyenziswa ngokuzinzileyo kwemithombo kunye nophuhliso oluluhlaza kwishishini lokwakha. Ukuba ufuna ukuba nokuqonda okunzulu kwesixhobo esithile okanye iinkcukacha zomgca wemveliso, unokubonelela ngeengcaciso ezongezelelweyo.

Umfanekiso ubonisa umgca wokuvelisa umatshini wezitena ezingatshisiyo, eyona zixhobo eziphambili kwinkqubo yokwenza izitena. Oku kulandelayo yintshayelelo evela kwimiba efana nenkangeleko yesixhobo kunye neemodyuli ezisebenzayo:

Ngokubhekiselele kwimbonakalo, iqumrhu eliphambili lesixhobo liyisakhiwo sesakhelo esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, esihambelana namacandelo e-orange, kwaye i-layout i-compact kwaye iqhelekileyo. Isakhelo esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka sidlala indima exhasayo, izinzile kwaye inokwethenjelwa, kwaye inokumelana nemikhosi yeenkqubo ezifana nokucinezela izinto kunye nokuhambisa ngexesha lokuvelisa. Amacandelo abalulekileyo afana nokugcinwa kwezinto ze-orange kunye neengxenye zokwenza zivelele ngokubhekiselele kwimvelaphi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukuququzelela ukusebenza kunye nokugcinwa.

Ngokweemodyuli ezisebenzayo, kukho iyunithi yokugcina izinto eziphathekayo, ezisetyenziselwa ukugcina izinto eziluhlaza ezifana nesamente, isanti kunye negravel, kunye neentsalela zenkunkuma yamashishini ukuqinisekisa ukunikezelwa kwezinto eziqhubekayo. Inkqubo yokudibanisa iya kulawula ngokuchanekileyo umlinganiselo wezinto ezahlukeneyo eziluhlaza ngokwefomula esele isetyenzisiwe ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo komzimba wezitena. Imodyuli yokuxuba ixuba ngokupheleleyo izinto eziluhlaza, kwaye ngokufanelekileyo ukuxuba amaqabunga kunye nesantya sokujikeleza, izinto zenza umxube kunye neplastiki enhle, ibeka isiseko sokwenza izitena ezivaliweyo.

Owona matshini uphambili ungundoqo. Ngoncedo lweenkqubo ze-hydraulic kunye ne-vibration, yenza uxinzelelo oluphezulu okanye ukunyakaza okwenziwe kumxube. Imibumbo inokutshintshwa ngokuguquguqukayo, kwaye inokuvelisa iimveliso zezitena zemilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo kunye nezimbo ezifana nezitena eziqhelekileyo, izitena ezivulekileyo, kunye nezitena ezivuzayo, ezihlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo ezifana nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo kunye nokulungisa iindlela. Izitena ezenziwe ngezitena zidluliselwa kwindawo yokunyanga ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokuhambisa. Ukunyangwa kwendalo kuxhomekeke kubushushu bendawo kunye nokufuma ukuze kuqiniswe, ngelixa ukunyanga komphunga kukhawulezisa ukukhula kwamandla ngokulawula ubushushu, ukufuma kunye nexesha, kucutha umjikelo wemveliso.

Umgca wokuvelisa umatshini wezitena ongekho umlilo uhambelana nokusingqongileyo kunye nokugcina amandla. Ayidingi sintering, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokukhutshwa kwerhasi eyinkunkuma yokudubula kwendabuko, kwaye inokusebenzisa iintsalela zenkunkuma yemizi-mveliso. Ngokweendleko, izinto eziluhlaza zibanzi, inkqubo imfutshane, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye neendleko zabasebenzi ziphantsi. Ngenxa yolawulo loomatshini, umgangatho wemveliso unamandla aphezulu kunye nokuchaneka komlinganiso, unceda uphuhliso oluluhlaza kunye nolusebenzayo lweshishini lokwakha kunye nokudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwintsimi yokwenza izitena yanamhlanje.