Kuluntu lwangoku, sibona ukuba ziya zisanda izixhobo zokwakha ezisebenzise izitena ezingatshiyo. Yinto engenakuphepheka ukuba izitena ezingatshiswayo ziya kuthatha indawo yesitena esibomvu esiqhelekileyo kunye neenzuzo zayo zomgangatho omhle kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo. Ngoku imarike yasekhaya yomatshini wezitena ovuthayo wamahhala usebenza kakhulu. Abantu abaninzi bafuna ukutyala imali kweli shishini. Apha ndiza kwazisa ngokufutshane iingxaki ezininzi zotyalo-mali kumzi-mveliso womatshini wezitena ezingatshiyo.

1. Loluphi uhlobo lwemathiriyeli ekrwada elona xabiso liphantsi lokuvelisa isitena esingatshiswanga? Injani xa ithelekiswa neendleko zezitena zodongwe?

Enyanisweni, kuxhomekeke apho ukhoyo. Ukuba kukho amashishini kwifektri yakho anokuvelisa i-fly ash, i-slag, isanti, ishumi, i-slag kunye nezinye inkunkuma, akuyongxaki. Yeyiphi imathiriyeli eyona inexabiso eliphantsi kwaye ininzi kakhulu kukusebenzisa le mathiriyeli ukuvelisa izitena ezingatshiyo. Kakade ke, imiba yezothutho ifanele iqwalaselwe. Xa kuthelekiswa nesitena sodongwe esiqhelekileyo, ixabiso lemveliso yezitena ezingatshiswayo lingaphantsi kunelo lesitena sodongwe. Ukongeza, ilizwe lethu linemigaqo-nkqubo ekhethwayo. Ngenxa yokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kwizitena ezingatshiyo, siphumeze ukukhululwa kwirhafu kwiifektri ezingatshiyo. Ngokuchasene noko, sinyanzelise ingxowa-mali yohlaziyo eludongeni kwizakhiwo zodongwe ukuze kubonelelwe ngenkxaso-mali kwiifektri zezitena ezingatshiyo. Olu hlobo lomahluko wamaxabiso lubonakala ngokwalo.

2. Siqine kangakanani isitena esingatshiswanga xa sithelekiswa nesitena sodongwe? Kuthekani ngobomi benkonzo?

Izitena zodongwe ngokuqhelekileyo ziyi-75 ukuya kwi-100, kwaye isitena esingacinywanga siveliswa ngokungqongqo ngokuhambelana nomgangatho, amandla adlula umgangatho welizwe, kwaye amandla oxinzelelo aphezulu angafikelela kwi-35MPa. Siyazi ukuba ezona zixhobo ziphambili zezitena ezingatshiswanga ikakhulu yinkunkuma yamashishini efana nothuthu lwempukane njalo njalo. Indlela abasabela ngayo inamandla. I-calcium silicate hydrate kunye ne-calcium aluminate gel eveliswe ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa izalise izithuba, ikhulise ukunamathela, kwaye ibe nexesha elide, ukuxhathisa ukubola kunye nokuzinza. Ngokubhekiselele kubomi benkonzo, ngenani elikhulu leemvavanyo, kubonakaliswe ukuba amandla kamva kwizitena ezingatshiswanga ziya kuba namandla kwaye zomelele, kwaye ubomi bayo benkonzo bunamandla kakhulu kunobumba.

3. Indlela yokukhetha izixhobo zotyalo-mali kumzi-mveliso wezitena ezingatshiyo?

Okokuqala, ukhetho lwezixhobo luxhomekeke kwipokotho yakho. Ingakanani imali onayo kufuneka isekelwe kule nto, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo, kufuneka iqwalaselwe ngokwemiqathango yemarike. Ukongeza, ngokwamava ezinye iifektri zoomatshini bezitena ezingatshisi eTshayina, kufumaniseka ukuba ngamanye amaxesha ayisiyiyo enkulu izixhobo, kokukhona i-automation ingcono. Ngokuchasene noko, ngamanye amaxesha izixhobo ezincinci zokuvelisa zinokuphatha umsebenzi omninzi. Oku kungenxa yokuba xa izixhobo ezinkulu ezizenzekelayo zisetyenziselwa ukuveliswa, ukuba ikhonkco elinye liyasilela, liya kuvalwa ngokupheleleyo; ngelixa izixhobo ezininzi zokuvelisa ezincinci, ukuba umntu uyasilela, abanye banokuqhubeka nokuvelisa. Ngoko ke, kuxhomekeke kwimeko ethile yoluphi uhlobo lwezixhobo kunye nokuba zikhulu kangakanani izixhobo.

4. Indlela yokukhetha indawo yokwakha umzi-mveliso womatshini wezitena ongatshiyo?

Ukukhethwa kwendawo yomzi-mveliso womatshini wezitena kufuneka kube kufutshane nemithombo yentsalela yenkunkuma ngokusemandleni, enokuthi igcine kakhulu imithwalo yempahla ekrwada kunye neendleko zokulayisha kunye nokukhulula; khetha indawo enamanzi afanelekileyo kunye nombane kunye nokuhamba, ukuze wenze imveliso kunye nokuthengisa ngokukhawuleza; khetha i-suburb okanye indawo ekude nendawo yokuhlala kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ukuze ugweme iingxabano ezingeyomfuneko; ukuqesha indawo yokusebenzela endala, indawo okanye umzi-mveliso oyekiswe ngezitena othe wamisa imveliso Inokunciphisa iindleko zotyalo-mali.